Refrigeration



Nov. 27,1928. 1,693,357

I H; s. vAssAR REFRIGERATION Filed Jan. 18, 1926 ZSheets-Sheet l Nov.27, 1928.

H. s. VASSAR REFRIGERATI ON Filed Jan. 18, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2INVENII'OR fiamaa/ 1 A r oRl their joint or. cooperativeaction toinitiate" v marily are torovide practical applications of the aforesaidual control to refrigerators Patented Nov. 27,- 1928.

PATENT ferries.

HERVEY s. vassan, or BLOOMFIELID', m'iw' .innsnv.

' REFRIGERATION.

Applicationflled January 18, 19,26. Serial No, 81,891.

This invention relates particularly to refrigeration of the classcovered in my Patent 1 1,570,416 of January 19th,-1926, in which asubstantiallyconstant refrigeration temperature is maintained by a dualcontrol system involving separate controllers subjected to conditions atremotely related parts of the system, each efi'ective to interrupt orreduce the refrigerating action and connected in series or tandemrelation so as to require or increase the refrigeratingaction.

The objects of the present invention priof difi'erent types and toutilize for the more or less remotely related thermostatic con trols,various forms of devices best suited to answer particular requirements.

Various other objects and the novel features of construction,combination, arrangement and relation of. parts by which all areattained will be clear from the following specification. p

The drawings accompanying and forming part of this specificationillustrate the invention embodied in a number of different practicalforms, but as these drawings are one associated with the cooling elementand the other located in the storage compartment ,and the, two of themgoverning an electromagnet controlling the supply of gas totheabsorption mechanism.

Figure 2 is,a view similar to the first showing mechanical controlssubstituted for the electric controls.

Figure 3 is a new on the orderof the preceding illustrating a primaryelectric system employing electric heating in place of gas arid havingthe tandem controls con-' nected directly in series with 'the electricheater. a s v I Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary detail of the dualsylphon operating mechanism shown in Figure 2. v

spiritand scope of the in-',

'electromagnetm form master switch con= trol. I

F gure 6 1s a d1agrammat1c view of a dual Figure an enlar ea detail of adual l thermostatic control system showing one of the sylphonscontrolledfrom an expansion bulb in the system chamber and the other sylphoncontrolled by a connection with the pressure side of therefrigerating'system. q Figures 7 8 and 9 are diagrammatic viewsillustrating how the joint efforts of both sylphons are necessary toinitiate the refrigerating action. j

In the first three views the. invention is illustrated in itsapplication to a system of absorption refrigeration. The refrigeratorstructure is indicated at 10 defiriing a food or storage compartment 11cooled by an absorption machine12. In the first two views .the heatnecessary for the operation of this machine is furnished by gas suppliedthrough piping-'13 and-in the third view the heating element is of the'electrical type supplied from the mains 14, 15. The dual control iseffected in eachinstance by thermostatic controls 16, 17 the firstassociated with the cooling element 18 of the absorption machine and athe second located in the storage compartperature conditions 'at oradjacent the cooling element and included in a circuit 21, one sideof'which is connected with a magnet 22 and the other being overned bytemperature "conditions in t. e storage compartment and included in acircuit 23, one side of which is connected by wiring 24 in series withthe first circuit 21 and the other side ofwhich is connected by wiring25 with one of the 'mains 26. The other side 27 of themains is shownconnected directly with the magnet 22 andthis magnet is shown asarranged to actuate the arm 28 of a valve ;29 located in the gas supplyline. This valve eis biased to the closed position by a'spring 30-orsotherwise and the armature 31 of the magnet is connected'withthevalve arm ,56

that the magnet when energized will operate switches 19, 20, the firstgoverned by 'tem- The series connection of'the two sylphon switches 19,requires the closing of both to complete the circuit through the valvemagnet 22 and hence the temperatures at the cooling unit and in thestorage compartment must have reached the predetermined maximums forwhich the sylphon switches have been respectivel set before the gasvalve will be opened to initiate or increase the refrigerating action ofthe absorption machine. When, however, the temperature at either one ofthese points has been reduced below the maximum intended at that point,the sylphon at such point will-open theswitch there and therebyinterrupt the circuit through the valve magnet, causing the reduction ordiscontinuance of the forced refrigeration.

In order that the machine may be ope-rated when necessary independentlyof conditions in the storage compartment, when, for instance, it may bedesired to make ice for table use, an arbitrary control is shown in theform of a manually o erable switch 32 connected to bridge the circuit 23of the food compartment controller. This hand switch is shown located onthe outside of the box where it can be geached without disturbingconditions in the In Figure 2 the same general results are obtained bythe substitution of mechanical in place of electrical connections. Thecooling element and storage compartment controllers 16, 17 are shown inthe form of expansion bulbs, the first applied to or mounted closelyadjacent the cooling element and the other located at a convenient pointin the storage chamber and the two connected by independent piping 33,34 with sylphons 35, 36 jointly operating the gas supply valve by amechanical series or tandem connection.

Details of the mechanical series connection are shown more fully inFigure 4 where the two sylphons are indicated as having heads bearing onthe opposite ends of a swinging rocker 39 pivoted intermediate its endsat 40 to one end of a link 41 whose opposite end is pivoted at 42 to oneend of a lever 43 pivoted at 44 and having a sliding connection at 33with the arm 28 of the gas supply valve Considerin Figures 4 7, 8 and 9,it ,will be seen that the linkage described has the effect of a seriesor tandem connection between the two thermostaticall controlled devicesbecauseneither syl hon as a stroke suflicient to operate the va ve' andone must add its stroke to that of the other to effect an opening of thesupplyvalve.

In the first two views referred to the sylphons are contracted and thegas supply valve is closed, these being the conditions when thetemperatures at the cooling unit and thestorage compartment aresufiiciently low. When, however, the temperature at one of such stationsrises above the predetermined maximum decided for that point, the

'the valve lever is insufficient to open the valve.

lVhen, however, the temperature in the storage chamber risessufliciently to cause the necessary expansion of gas in the bulb 17,then the second sylphon 36 comes into action and shifting the lower endof the rocker adds sufficient extra movement to the valve lever to openthe valve and admit fuel to the absorption machine.

. To afford a manual control similar to that first described for icemaking purposes and the like, a turn button 46 or the like may beprovided, having a finger or cam 47 positioned to operate on the lowerend of the rocker and thus to substitute its operation for that ofthestorage chamber sylphon. This and is connected by wiring 53 with theother side 14 of the line. I

The thermostatic switches 50, 52 at the cooling unit and in the storagecompartment respectively, being connectedin series with each other andwith the heater for the absorption machine, it will be obvious that whenboth these close, due to rises in temperature at these particularpoints, the heater will be cut into circuit and.forced refrigera tionthereby started and conversely, that when the temperature at either ofthese relatively remotely related parts is lowered below thepredetermined maximum for that point, the heating element will be cutout of circuit and the refrigerating action be thereby interrupted onreduced.

y In Figure 3, as in Figure 1, an fexternal control switch 32 isprovided for bypassing the storage compartment control and enablingforcing of the refrigeration for manufacture of cube ice and the like.

What is in effect an electrical equivalent of the dual sylphon structureof Figure 4 is shown in Figure 5. In this View, in place of sylphons 35,36, directly controlled from expansion bulbs at the cooling element andstorage compartment, solenoids 54, 55 are provided connected by wiring56, 57 with thermostatic switches'58, 59 at the cooling element-and thestoragehchamber. The mov-f able cores 60, 61 areco-nnected bycompensating linkage similar to that shown in Figure 4 andcorrespondingly numbered, the final 5 lever,-l3 in this case carrying atilting switch 62 controlling a circuit (53 which may govern a magnetvalveas in Figure 1 or a heater circuit as in Figure 3, or in the caseof a compression machine, may control the motor which effectscirculation of the refrigerating low pressure side of the compressor. Inthis particular instance the thermostatic control from the cooling unitor brine tank 69 is cffected by piping 71 tapping the return piping ofthc'compressor and connected with a sylphon 7 2. The storagechambcrcontrol comprises an expansion bulb 73' located in thestorgae'compartment and connected by piping 74 with a sylphon 7 The twosylphons 72, 7 5 are connected by compounding linkage 7 6, similar tothat before described, with the operating handle 7 7 of a switch 78 inthe motor circuit 7 9. The sylphons in this case are so constructed.arranged or adjusted that with the rise in pressure in the return pipe,resultantfrom a predetermined of a form of the mechani-- either ofthewell known types of compression andabsorptionrefrigeration.

It will be apparent. furthermore, that these features ofinterchangeability and adapt-- ability-enable application of the,invention to other refrigerating needs than those here illustrated soitshouldbemnderstood that the expressions employed herein are used in adescriptiverather than in a. limiting sense, except possibly for suchlimitations as may be required by the prior art.

What'is claimed'is: 1 1.. In refrigeration, a'machine of the ab-.

sorp'tion type including a cooling element anda heater for efi'ectingoperation of the machine, a conduit for flow of heating fluid to saidheater, a control valve in said conduit,

actuating means for said valve, a themestatically governed cont-rolleradjacent the cooling unit,a thermostatically governed controller locatedat a point removed. from the coolingnnit, means for connecting saidcontrollers with each other and withthe valvev operating means torequire joint operation of both controllers to effect opening movementof the valve and arbitrarily operable means for effecting openingmovement of the valve independentlyof one of the controllers but jointlyand inconj'unction with the otherof the controllers.

' 2. In combination with a refrigerating machine including a coolingunit and means for governing the operation of the same, a pair same areindependently controlled and come pensating linkage from said twosyl hondevices requiring the joint operation 0 both to effect a predeterminedoperation of the gov-v increase of temperature at the cooling unitcrning means aforesaid.-

40 and upon 'a'. predetermined rise of-tempe'ra- 'tllre in the storagechamber, the two sylphons will combine their etl'o-rts'by themechanical.

series connection illustrated, to close the switch and start the motor.

Conversely, with reduction of temperature below the predeterminedmaximum incither storage chamber or at the cooling unit, hich latterwould have the effect of reducing the the sylphons 'will' contract andallow the spring 80 to open the switch to stop the motor and interruptcirculation of the refrigerating fluid. v

- From the foregoing it will be apparent that pressure in line 70, oneor the other or both:

the series effect of the dual 'thermostatic'con- 3. In combmatmn with arefrigerating machine including a' cooling unit and means for governingthe operation of the same, a pair of sylphon devices, means whereby thesame are independently controlled and compensa-t-- ing linkage from saidtwo sylphon devices requiring the joint operation. of both toefi'ect apredetermined operation. of the governing means aforesaid and meansindependent of one" of the'sylphons for imparting to said linkage anequlvalent of themovement ordi;

narily imparted thereto by said sylphon.

- 4. In refrigeration, a refrigerating machine. includin a cooling unit,a control lever therefor, a roe er having a connection'with said controllever, dual operating devices conthereon to actuate the. control leverand a hand control operable .on the rocker in. place of one of'the dualoperating devices.

nected with said rocker and operable jointly In witness whereof, I havehereunto set my hand this 15th'dav of January, 1926.

HERVEY s. vAssAa] 95 of sylphon'devdces and means whereby the

